The Functions of the Infinitive

Функции инфинитива в предложении

Функция	Пример	Перевод
1. Подлежащее (Subject)	1)To incite racial hatred is a criminal offence.   2) It is illegal to discrimi­nateagainst people.	1) Разжигание расовой не­нависти – это уголовное преступление. 2) Дискриминировать лю­дей – противозаконно.
2. Часть составного сказуемого (Predicate)	1) His greatest wish was to fight against crime.   2) The state must protect our security.	1) Самым большим его же­ланием было бороться с преступностью. 2) Государство должно ох­ранять нашу безопасность.
3. Дополнение (Object)	1) The criminal managed to escape. 2) I am afraidto missthe train.	1) Преступнику удалось сбежать. 2) Я боюсь опоздать на поезд.
4. Определение (Attribute)	1) He is the manto doit.   2) He was the first to passthe examination.	1) Он как раз тот человек, который сделает это. 2) Он первым сдал экзамен. (Он был первым, кто сдал экзамен.)
5. Обстоятельство (Adverbial modifier)	1) He ran to the car to assist the driver.   2) She is clever enough to understand it.	1) Он побежал к машине, чтобы помочь водителю.   2) Он достаточно умён, чтобы понять это.

1. Practise translating the following sentences:

Subject

1. It is rude to stare at people.

2. To frame the foreign and home politics is one of the main functions of the Government.

3. It is sometimes easier to tell white liesrather than the truth.

4. To hear courteously, to answer wisely, to consider soberly (трезво), and to decide impartially (беспристрастно) are the four things to belong to a judge. (after Socrates)

5. It is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between what is criminal and what is immoral.

Predicate

6. Youth priorities are to be independent and free to choose.

7. The President’s most important task is to manage the nation’s economy.

8. In a true contract there have to be two parties to the agreement.

Object

9. If you want to know who your friends are, get yourself a jail sentence.

10. The book “Law in Everyday Life” will show you how to be aware of your rights and liabilities.

11. He was afraid to be imprisoned.

12. Most young people don’t want to obey their parents.

NB! Attribute

13. The American legislative system is one of a very few to have an upper House that is popularly elected as well as politically powerful.

14. Parliament has the power to accept or reject the annual budget.

15. By law the couple to be married must be unmarried.

16. The Police Service requires the ability to think and act quickly.

17. Decent citizens have nothing to fear from the legislation.

18. Children cannot look after themselves and need the law to protect their interests.

19. As a driver you have a responsibility to behave reasonably and in such a way as to avoid harming others.

20. Have you anything else to add to your evidence?

21. Scientists are still arguing over who was the first to invent the radio.

22. Galileo was the first to observe the sun spots with his optic tube in 1609.

Пассивный инфинитив в функции определения переводится с от­тенком модальности (должен, нужно, необходимо, следует, может) или действием, относящимся к будущему. e.g. The text to be read at home describes the Constitution. Текст, который необходимо прочесть дома, описывает Конституцию.

23. The person to be interviewed should be prepared to give some personal details.

24. The problems to be discussed at the conference are very important.

25. The plans to be fulfilled by our local government are unbelievable.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14