Collocation and the notion of collocability.

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

Lexicology as a branch of linguistics; its tasks and objectives.

Relation of Lexicology to other linguistic fields.

3. What is a Word? The Notion of Lexeme.

Lexical Fields. Word Classes. Word Families.

Definition of the Word. Characteristics of Words.

Synchronic and Diachronic Study of Vocabulary.

Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Relations between Words.

Factors that Contribute to Shifts in Meaning.

Transference Based on Similarity (Metaphor).

Transference Based on Contiguity (Metonymy).

Amelioration vs. Pejoration of Meaning.

Specialization vs. Generalization of Meaning.

Processes Responsible for Semantic Changes.

14. What Are Meaning Relations? Relation of Reference vs. Sense Relation.

Synonymy. Strict (absolute) and loose Synonyms. Criteria for absolute synonymy.

Reasons for extensive synonymy in English.

Major differences between items in synonymic sets.

Antonymy. Types of Antonyms.

Hyponymy and Meronymy.

The Concept and Definition of Meaning.

Major differences between British and American English with respect to vocabulary.

Word Meaning (Word as a linguistic sign).

Denotation and Connotation.

Types of Connotation.

Polysemy. Problems Inherent in the Concept of Polysemy.

Homonymy. Types of homonyms.

Jargon and slang.

Euphemisms and taboo words.

Multiword lexemes. Phrasal Verbs. Idioms. Motivation of idioms.

30. Word Formation: Affixation. Inflectional and derivational affixes.

31. Word Formation: Compounding. Classification of compounds.

32. Word Formation: Conversion, Blending, Shortening.

Scandinavian borrowings in English.

Greek and Latin loanwords in English.

French borrowings in the English vocabulary.

Neologisms. Euphemisms and the notion of political correctness.

37. Methods of Lexicological Investigation: Componential Analysis.

Etymological make-up of the English Vocabulary.

Main types of dictionaries.

Lexicology and Lexicography.

Selection of lexical units and arrangement of entries in dictionaries.

Selection and arrangement of meanings of polysemous words in dictionaries.

Methods of lexicological analysis.

Regional variation in the English vocabulary.

Collocation and the notion of collocability.

46. Methods of Lexicological Investigation: Transformational Analysis.

47. Methods of Lexicological Investigation: Distributional Analysis.

48. Methods of Lexicological Investigation: Immediate Constituent Analysis.

49. Methods of Lexicological Investigation: Contrastive Analysis.

50. Methods of Lexicological Investigation: Statistical Analysis.

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