Conjunctions and Pronouns

Word	Strong Form	Weak Form	Example
and	nd	ənd, ən, n̩	Sonia and Hari are playing.
but	bʌt	bət	But for the sugarthe tea was good.
than	ðæn	ðən	Ravi is taller than Suman.
that	ð¾t	ðət	That is my class.
you	ju:	jə	Would you like to join us?
your	ʊə, jɔ:	j\(r)	What is your name?
her	hɜ:(r)	(h)ə(r)*	Give this assignment to her.

ARTICLES a	æ, eɪ	ə*	Bring me a cup of tea.
an	æn	ən	He is having an orange for breakfast.
the	ði:	ðə, ði	This is the best film of the year.

AUXILIARY WORDS

Word	Strong Form	Weak Form	Example
do	du:	də	Where do you live?
are	ɑ:	ə(r)*	Jai and Mehak are here.
was	wɒz	wəz	I was quite interested.
were	wɜ:	wə(r)	They were bored
would	wʊd	wəd	She said she would be here.
could	kʊd	kəd	What could I do?
should	ʃʊd	§əd	They should be here by now.
can	kæn	kən	What can you do with it?
must	mʌst	məs(t)	You must be a bit more patient.

Task 2: Transcribe and intone the following extract of a famous song of R. Kelly. Analyze content and functional words.

I believe I can fly
I believe I can touch the sky
I think about it every night and day
Spread my wings and fly away

QUESTIONS

1. What is rhythm?

2. What are the characteristic features of English rhythm?

3. How does the English rhythm differ from Ukrainian?

4.. What is a rhythmic group?

5. In what way will you divide the following sentences into rhythmic groups?

I hope you won't be late for your train. I read an account of it in The Morning Star.

6. How are initial unstressed syllables preceding the stressed one pronounced?

7. How are any unstressed syllables that follow the stressed one pronounced?

8. Say what you know about rhythmical variations of stress in compounds (adjective — noun; adverb — adjective, adverb — verb) when they are used in connected speech:

(a) when final, and immediately preceded by a stress,

(b) when a stress immediately follows the word.

9. Give your own examples using the following words: four­teen, good-natured, well-known, put off, look through, after­noon.

	Practicing English Rhythm
	Activity
Activity 1 Given below is a famous nursery rhyme usually used for practicing English rhythm. Read it aloud. As you read along, tap on your desk or table to get the characteristic English rhythm. Make a note of stressed syllables (') they need to be uttered carefully. As 'I was 'going to St 'Ives, I 'met a 'man with 'seven 'wives, 'Every 'wife had 'seven 'sacks, 'Every 'sack had 'seven 'cats, 'Every 'cat had 'seven 'kits, 'Kits, 'Cats,'Sacks and 'Wives, 'How many were 'going to St. 'Ives

Task 3. Divide the following sentences up into rhythmic groups, using a dotted line () as a boundary symbol (..☺..☺..☺)

a) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

b) Over a quarter of a century has elapsed since his death.

c) Computers consume a considerable amount of money and time.

d) Most of them have arrived on the bus.

Task 4: Listen for stressed words. Put “slashes” as pauses. Circle or underline stressed words in sentences. Pay special attention to the stress features: loudness, length, and pitch. (dialogue 145. Colin Mortimer. Elements of pronunciation).PRACTICE ORALLY. BEAT THE RHYTHM..

Come and see us at our new apartment

Where's your new apartment? Is it another district?

No, its very close to the apartment, that I used to live in. Come and see us.

How about tomorrow?

Round about seven? We're at home by seven. Come and have some dinner with us, Janet.

John, you haven’t actually told me yet who “us” is.

Task 6: Practice SOME MORE rhythm with Colin Mortimer (dialogues 132 – 168).

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