Singular / plural words

Future Forms

Examples	Usage
Will + Verb (base form) It will snow tomorrow. She won't win the election.	Used for predictions, promises, offers, in combination with time clauses (as soon as, when, before, after)
Be going to + Verb (base form) Frank is going to study Medicine. Where are they going to stay when they come? She isn't going to buy the new house afterall.	planned events or intentions decided on before the moment of speaking, future predictions based on physical (usually visual) evidence, planned or personally scheduled events
Simple Present The class begins at 11.30. The plane leaves at 6 o'clock.	Used for scheduled public events such as train and plane schedules, course schedules, etc.
Common future time expressions include: next (week, month, year), tomorrow, in X's time (amount of time, i.e. two week's time), in + year, time clauses (when, as soon as, before, after) + simple present (example: I will telephone as soon as I arrive.) soon, later

Conditionals

Examples	Usage	Structure
Conditional 0 If I am late, my father takes me to school. She doesn't worry if Jack stays out after school.	Situations that are always true if something happens. NOTE This use is similar to, and can usually be replaced by, a time clause using 'when' (example: When I am late, my father takes me to school.)	present simple in the if clause + the present simple in the result clause
Conditional 1 If it rains, we will stay at home. He will arrive late unless he hurries up. Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.	Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible - situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. NOTE In the conditional 1 we often use unless which means 'if... not'. In other words, '...unless he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.’	present simple in the if clause + will + verb (base form) in the result clause
Conditional 2 If he studied more, he would pass the exam. I would lower taxes if I were the President. They would buy a new house if they had more money.	Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal - impossibleor improbable - situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. NOTE The verb 'to be', when used in the 2nd conditional, is always conjugated as 'were'.	past simple in the if clause + would + verb (base form) in the result clause

Singular / plural words

which can be only in plural / singular? à

politics (government), politicians (people), politics (ideas, grounds = pohnútky, záujmy)

economics (school subject), economies (pl. country economy), economics (country economy)

news (always sing.)

statistics (school subject), statistics (numbers)

gymnastics (discipline), gymnasts (people)

athletics (discipline), athletes (people)

Personality description (other than what is in the book, unit 20), words are in synonyms groups, positive and negative

Extrovert, outgoing person, gregarious person, assertive person, live wire

Introvert, shy person, recluse

Clever, bright, intelligent, smart, knowledgeable, intellectual, quick, witty, brainy

Stupid, unintelligent, dim, thick, slow, dull, dim-witted, half-witted

Rude, impolite, discourteous, bad-mannered, offensive, vulgar, uncouth

Polite, civil, well-bred, gracious, well-mannered, courteous, respectful

Cruel, unkind, mean, nasty, brutal, pitiless, malicious, spiteful

Kind, caring, sympathetic, nice, kind-hearted, compassionate, considerate, kindly

Generous, kind, bighearted, openhanded, giving, charitable

Tightfisted, miserly, stingy, parsimonious, niggardly, cheap, mean, ungenerous

Sociable, friendly, outgoing, companionable, good company, convivial, gregarious

Hostile, antagonistic, unfriendly, unsympathetic, unwelcoming, unpleasant,

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16