The simple form has no aspect characteristics. lt shows an action as a fact.

• The Solar system consists of the sun and planets and moons. The Great Patriotic War began in 1941.

The progressive, perfect and perfect progressive forms have both time and aspect characteristics.

They show actions:

1) as a process: He is walking now.

2) completed before a definite moment in the present, past or future and connected with it: He has passed his exam.

3) in progress whose duration is expressed (before a definite moment in present, past or future): When we came he had been playing the piano for half an hour.

Thus, the category of aspect shows the way in which the ac­tion develops.

Read the following sentences. Translate the sentences and state if the action shows: a) a fact (customary or repeated), b) an action as a process, c) a completed action, d) an action in progress

Models

1. — I like to play tennis with him. — Mнe нравится uгpaть с ним в теннис.— a fact (customary).

2. — Last year I met Ann in the supermarket very often. —B пpoшлом году я очень часто встречала Анну
в магазине. — a fact (repeated).

3. — I am reading a newspaper. I am busy. — Я читаю гaзeтy. Я занята.—an action as a process.

1Some friends of mine are staying with us at the moment …………………………………………….

2 Yesterday I lost my note-book........................................................................... …………………………………………….

3 We were playing golf at 2 o'clock yesterday.................................................. …………………………………………….

4 I think the increase in violent crime is because of television. …………………………………………………………

5 He always said everything in my fault. He always blames me……………………………………………………….

6 The great number of people suffer from heart disease.................................. ……………………………………………

7 They say it will be raining all day tomorrow.................................................. ……………………………………………

8 The students often cheat in examination......................................................... ……………………………………………

9 Some years ago I often went to Sochi............................................................... ……………………………………………

10 They are reading and translating the text right now……………………………………………………………….

VOICE

The category of voice indicates the relation of the predicate to the subject and the object. We distinguish the Active Voice and the Passive Voice.

Pushkin wrote the "Poltava". -Active Voice. The "Poltava" was written by A. Pushkin. - Passive Voice.

THE ENGLISH TENSES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE

Tense	Present	Past	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Indefinite	to be asked	am is asked are Is she asked? She is not asked	was asked were Was she asked? She was not asked	shall be asked will be Will he be asked? He won’t be asked	should be asked would be
Continuous	to be being asked	am is being asked are	was being asked were	_______________	____________
Perfect	to have been asked	have been asked has been	had been asked	shall have been asked will have been	should have been asked would have been
Perfect Continuous	­­­­­_________	_______________	______________	_________________	______________

MOOD

Mood is a grammatical category which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressed by the verb from the point of view of its reality. There are three moods in English:

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