The Future Perfect Tense.

The Future Simple Tense.

The Future Simple Tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary verbs will or shall (shall is used for the first person singular and plural) and the notional verb in the form of the infinitive without particle to.

The Future Simple denotes:

1. predictions about the future usually with the verbs think, believe, expect, etc. and expressions be sure, be afraid, etc, and adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly.

- I’m afraid we won’t be on time.

2. on-the-spot decisions.

- I’ll buy these shoes. I like them.

3. promises, threats, warnings, hopes, requests and offers.

- I don’t understand this exercise. Will you help me with it?

Note: To express an action which is expected to take place in the nearest future it is necessary to use the word combinations: to be going + Infinitive, to be about + Infinitive, to be on the point of + Gerund.

- I’m about to cry.

The Future Continuous Tense.

The Future Continuous tense denotes an action which will be in progress at a definite moment in future.

It is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the future simple (will be/ shall be) and Participle I of the notional verb.

1. The Future Continuous Tense is used to denote:an action which will be in progress at a stated future time.(the stated time is indicated either by another future action expressed by a verb in the Present Simple or by an adverbial phrase)

Ex. This time next week we will be cruising round the islands.

2. actions which will definitely happen in the future as a result of a routine or arrangement.

Ex. Don’t call Julie. I’ll be seeing her later.

Note. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite. (to denote a future action)

The Future Perfect Tense.

The Future Perfect Tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to have in the Future Simple and Participle I of the notional verb.

The Future Perfect denotes an action completed before a definite moment in the future, this stated moment is indicated either by the exact time (5 o’clock) or with the help of the subordinate clause of time. As a rule the proposition by is used in this case.

Ex. She will have delivered all the newspapers by 8 o’clock.

2. The Future Perfect tense may denote an action which will begin before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will be going on at that moment with the verbs not admitting of the Continuous form, very often in negative sentences, and with non-terminative verbs (to work, to live, to study, to teach, etc.)

Ex. I will have worked as a teacher for 15 years by the next term.

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