Sahar has arranged to visit her aunt next week. (visiting)

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5. It's possible that Nabil will buy a new car. (might)

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الضرورة والإلزام: 1) Necessity and obligation

1) فى الوقت الحاضر:-

· للتعبير عن الضرورة والإلزام:-

- I feel very ill. I must see a doctor.

= I haveto see a doctor.

= It's necessary to see a doctor.

· للسؤال عن الضرورة:-

- Must you see a doctor? = Do you have to see a doctor?

= Is it necessary to see a doctor?

· للتعبير عن عدم الضرورة:-

- You don't haveto see a doctor.

= You don't need to see a doctor. = You needn't see a doctor.

2) فى الماضي:-

· للتعبير عن الضرورة والإلزام:-

- My father was late for meeting yesterday. So he had to take a taxi.

= It was necessary to take a taxi.

· للسؤال عن الضرورة:-

- Did you have to leave early yesterday?

- Was it necessary to wear a jacket?

· للتعبير عن عدم الضرورة:-

- It wasn't cold. So she didn't have to wear a jacket.

= It wasn't necessary to wear a jacket.

3) فى المستقبل:-

· للتعبير عن الضرورة والإلزام:-

- They will have to get up early tomorrow.

لاحظ أنه من الممكن إستخدام"must \ have to" للتعبير عن الضروره فى المستقبل كالاتى:

- I must travel next week.

- She has to prepare herself for wedding in 3 weeks.

· للسؤال عن الضرورة:-

- Will you haveto get up early tomorrow?

· للتعبير عن عدم الضروره:-

- Our team won't have to leave Cairo tomorrow morning.

المنع / التحريم / النهى عن عمل شئ 2) Prohibition

نستخدم هذا التعبير عند النهى عن عمل مخالف أو ضار أو لا ينبغى عمله لأنه مخالف للقانون أو يعرض للخطر.

- You mustn't drive too fast.

- She mustn't smoke anywhere.

يمكن استخدام التعبيرات التالية بدلاً من:"mustn't

غير مسموح أن- It isn't allowed to + inf.

ممنوع أن- It is forbidden to + inf.

- It is forbidden to smoke in hospitals. = It isn't allowed to smoke in hospitals.

المبنى للمجهول 3) The Passive:

الزمن	صيغة المبنى للمجهول
1- المضارع البسيط	الفاعل is \ are + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
2- الماضى البسيط	الفاعل was \ were + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
3- المستقبل البسيط	الفاعل will be + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
4- المضارع المستمر	الفاعل am \ is \ are + being + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
5- الماضى المستمر	الفاعل was \ were + being + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
6- المضارع التام	الفاعل have \ has + been + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
7- الماضى التام	الفاعل had + been + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به
8- مع can \ may \ should	الفاعل can\should\may + be + p.p.+ by ++ مفعول به

v لاحظ هذه الصيغة:-

- My father will need to build a new house. "Active"

A new house will need to be built by my father. "Passive"

v لاحظ أنه إذا كانت الجملة المبنى للمعلوم منفية فإننا ننفى (v. to be) في جملة المبنى للمجهول كالأتي:

- Maha didn't wash the dishes. "Active"

The dishes weren't washed by Maha. "Passive"

- Change into passive:-

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