Kyyevo-pecherska Lavra

A Ukrainian Orthodox monastery was founded in 1051 by the monks Antoniy and Feodosiy. In the 11th century it be­came the center for the expansion and consolidation of Chris­tianity in Kyivan Rus – Ukraine. The chroniclers Nykon, Nestor, Sylvester, the artists Alimpiy, Hryhoriy, and the healer, Ahapit, at one time worked in the monastery. In 1240 it was looted and destroyed by the Tatar-Mongol armies of Khan Baty.

The monastery was again destroyed in 1480.

In 1615 an imprimery was located at the monastery. In the late 16th century it was designated a Lavra (monas­tery). The architectural ensemble attained completion in the mid-18th century. The majority of the structures is built in the Ukrainian Baroque style. The ensemble is organically linked to the relief and forms a beautiful and majestic sil houette of Kyiv from the Dnipro River side. In 1926 the Kyivan Cave Historical-Cultural Preserve was established on the premises of the monastery.

Notes

soil – земля, грунт

handiwork – ручна робота, рукоділля

metric – метричний

weight – вага

to enter – записувати

satisfactory – задовільно

to last – тривати

to run – керувати

choir –хор

although – хоч

to supervise – наглядати

to care for – піклуватися, доглядати

Assignments

I. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian.

II. Render the text in English. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The basic idea of the recent school is the implementation of the principle of combining education with productive work, the linking of school and life, and the combination of general, polytechnical and vocational education in the sec­ondary school.

The major task of vocational and technical education of young people is to train cultured and technically qualified workers for all branches of the national economy. At the age of 15–16, all young people should engage in socially useful labour within their powers and all their further edu­cation should be associated with productive labour in the national economy.

A well-balanced plan of the humanities and of polytech­nical education will enable young people to make a correct choice of a career.

Polytechnical education gives the pupil an idea of what the key branches of modern industry and agriculture are. It gives him or her proficiency in a trade or profession. At lessons the pupil learns how the laws of natural and mathematical sciences are applied to modern production. In the school workshops the pupils master various operations and acquire labour habits, learn to know the technological prop­erties of materials, the structure and use of certain hand and machine tools. During the excursions to industrial and agricultural enterprises the pupils observe various produc­tion processes.

In rural schools the children acquire a basic knowledge of plant-growing, stock-breeding and selection. They are also taught how to handle agricultural machines. Practical work on plots of land is included in the general syllabus of all rural schools.

Notes

implementation – виконання

vocational – професійний

humanities – гуманітарні науки

choice – вибір

career – професія (амер.)

proficiency – досвідченість, вправність

to apply – вживати, застосовувати

to master – оволодівати

to acquire – набувати, одержувати

tool – робочий інструмент

process – процес

plot – ділянка (землі)

syllabus – програма (навчальна)

Assignments

I. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian.

II. Render the text in English.

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-16