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| A phrasal verb is a verb + preposition combination. For example, look up, take down, turn over. Phrasal verbs are common in informal, spoken English. Sometimes they have a more formal one word equivalent, for example, work out = determine. Often phrasal verbs have two meanings. | One we can work out from the meaning of the two words separately: She looked up at the roof. A special meaning which does not easily relate to the separate meanings of the words: She looked up a word in the dictionary. |
I Write the phrasal verbs equivalent to the following words and definitions:
1. a interrupt an activity by doing sth
b to suddenly start doing sth
c to enter a building by using force
2. to begin to be interested in sth
3. to penetrate
4. to begin working at sth or doing sth
5. a to force someone to continue to work hard
b to continue working hard at sth
6. to mature
7. to telephone
8. to accumulate
9. to close
10. to discard
11. to do the necessary actions on a computer system that will allow you to begin using it
12. a to find someone or sth that is difficult
b to find by searching or making inquiries in several different places
13. to learn information, after trying to discover it or by chance
14. to provide
15. to determine
16. to record
17. to try to find
18. to do sth before sb does it
II Match antonyms to the following phrasal verbs:
| 1. to throw away | a. to become/ grow worse |
| 2. to put sth off | b. to stop |
| 3. to come up | c. to escape |
| 4. to take away | d. to pick up |
| 5. to break into | e. to collect |
| 6. to come into | f. to take off |
| 7. to switch off | g. to get out |
| 8. to switch on | h. to fail |
| 9. to send sth (beams) out | i. to deteriorate |
| 10. to get sth over | j. to open |
| 11. to start up | k. to turn off |
| 12. to catch up | l. to give back |
| 13. to keep up | m. to disappear |
| 14. to shut down | n. to do sth immediately |
| 15. to bring down (about a plane) | o. to turn on |
III Write synonyms for the following phrasal verbs:
| 1. to try sth out 2. to put down 3. to put off 4. to put into 5. to look up 6. to get back 7. to take down 8. to back up 9. to check out 10. to note down 11. to work out | 12. to be off 13. to be at 14. to go back 15. to come up 16. to put in 17. to drag over 18. to get out 19. to refer to 20. to track sb/ sth down 21. to put sth across 22. to break into |
IV Choose the right phrasal verb to fill in the blanks in the following sentences. Use the right tense forms of the verbs:
come up, drag sth over, get sth out, look for, put in, put in, put sth across, refer to, track sb down, try out, work out
1. You see that little status bar that....
2. Let’s... the new name.
3. That just... it... of the way so now we can see all of our drives.
4. Now you can actually click on one of those files hold your mouse button down and... it... to the subfolder.
5. It uses a look-up table to find the IP address of the Web server... in the URL.
6. Employers... qualifications and experience.
7. How did they... you...?
8. I remove that and I... whatever the name of the new folder is.
9. I have to go to customers I’ve never met before and... my points....
10. This time the router uses the IP address of the browser computer... the best available path for each packet.
11. They... it... and now they use it regularly.
V Translate the following sentences into English. Use phrasal verbs to translate the underlined words.
1. Он был приговорен за мошенничество, относящееся к вторжению в систему многонациональной корпорации.
2. Его обвинили в 10 случаях загрузки неавторизированной информации.
3. Она оказалась талантливым менеджером IT.
4. Служба электронной почты была взломана на прошлой неделе.
5. Служба была закрыта на четыре часа.
6. Текст взят из других файлов на компьютере жертвы.
7. Типичный хакер – это молодой человек, который еще не стал взрослым.
8. Как вы начинаете вламываться в систему?
9. Люди слишком доверчивы, поэтому они обычно передают свой пароль, когда их попросят.
10. Использование вашей кредитной карточки в Интернете не более опасно, чем оплата в супермаркете с помощью кредитной карточки, выбрасывая чек там, где кто-либо может подобрать его.
UNIT 21
Software Engineering
If X, then Y
In this section, we will revise structures commonly used in programming. You have met these structures in earlier units but in different contexts.
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I Link these statements with while or until, whichever is most appropriate.
1. Look through member records. There are no more records.
2. Display guests addresses. There are no more addresses remaining.
3. List all items. There are no more items left.
4. Print some more client names. There are still names available.
5. Calculate all figures. There are no more figures.
6. Search for information containing the term. There is still information containing the term.
7. Total all items. There are still some items remaining.
8. Read these records. There are records left.
9. Rewrite these records. There are no more records.
10. Study this list of items. There are some items left.
II Put the words into the right order.
1. my you ask help for If just it need.
2. selects appear the the menu offering several Triangle choices icon a If user might.
3. If to to next you step the get you object will have want to select an.
4. If application want to the of a execute triangle might a set different create instructions you.
5. eligible the package employees qualify benefit If are for package a specific welders automatically for.
6. available a simple benefit welder is If later where a different relocated package is revision is.
7. the right the mouse on “Right triangle” clip a might clicks voice explain If the properties use of right triangles.
8. right If the of on is triangles clicked mouse explains “Equilateral triangle” the voice properties equilateral.
9. you If with should might deal applications you use OOP multimedia probably.
10. a condition then process this If certain is true instruction.
III Create statements about the decision table as shown.
Example: If a guest books a hotel room in summer and stays for a week, then charge at 100$.
| Conditions | Decision Rules | |||
| Guest stays a week | Guest stays a decade | Guest stays a fortnight | Guest stays a month | |
| Summer | 100$ | 140$ | 200$ | 400$ |
| Spring | 80$ | 120$ | 160$ | 320$ |
| Autumn | 70$ | 110$ | 140$ | 280$ |
| Winter | 50$ | 90$ | 100$ | 200$ |
IV Give definitions to the following terms.
1. A system analyst
2. Decision tables
3. Flowcharts
4. Pseudocode
5. Artificial intelligence
6. A makeup language
7. Direct implementation
8. Fall back
9. Parallel implementation
10. Systems programs
V Translate from Russian into English.
1. Если вам приходится иметь дело с мультимедийными приложениями, в которых звук и видео соединены вместе в один модуль, вам лучше выбрать объектно-ориентированное программирование.
2. Подсчитайте всю полученную прибыль от объема продаж.
3. Если вы планируете написать программу, то процесс будет осуществляться в несколько стадий.
4. Запишите все полученные данные.
5. Распечатайте все данные по работникам предприятия.
6. Если клиент заказывает три единицы товара, еще одну он получает бесплатно.
7. Если вы купите это программное обеспечение, то в дальнейшем вы не будете испытывать трудности при написании различных программ.
8. Поищите имена клиентов в списке клиентов.
9. Если тебе нужна моя помощь, я всегда рад помочь.
10. Итерация означает выполнение определенных инструкций до или во время, когда выполняется или не выполняется некоторое условие.
UNIT 22
People in Computing
Requirements: need to, have to, must, be + essential, critical
| Note how we describe requirements for particular jobs: 1. You need to be able to empathise with the person at the other end of the phone. 2. IT managers have to take responsibility for budgets. 3. You must be interested in your subject. 4. You must have worked for at least two years in systems analysis. 5. Experience with mainframes is essential/critical. We can describe things which are not requirements like this: 6. You don't need to have a degree in computing science. | We can also treat need as a modal verb and use the negative form needn't: 7. You needn't have a degree in computing science. Have to is an ordinary verb. Its negative form is made in the usual way: 8. You don't have to be an expert in everything. Mustn't has a quite different meaning. It means it is important not to do something. It is used for warnings, rules and strong advice. For example: 9. You mustn't make unauthorised copies of software. |
I Open the brackets. Mind the tenses.
1. Though you (not can) know everything you (must, to be) an expert in your own field.
2. A consultant often (to have to) work on very small timescales- a few days here, a few days there.
3. He (to need, to be) better if he wants to apply for this job.
4. Any large organization (must) have at least one IT manager.
5. You (not must) set up any password system on this computer.
6. You (must, to spend) lots of time writing this program- it’s very complicated.
7. You (not to need) have any previous work experience.
8. (To be) very important to install firewalls and keep out hackers.
9. A system analyst (to have to) study systems in an organization and decide how to computerize hem.
10. Production of special programs which control the internal operations of computers (to be) very necessary and essential nowadays.
II Use the appropriate modal verbs.
1. A webmaster …administer a Web server.
2. An applications programmer is a person who …write applications programs.
3. You …be extremely qualified if you …create such programs.
4. A security specialist …a useful qualification for your career.
5. You … attempt to gain unauthorized access to network systems.
6. If you …show someone an impressive piece of software with your name on it, it will count a lot more than a string of academic qualifications.
7. Though university degrees …rather essential still they are sometimes useless.
8. You … stay in one company for more than two years.
9. You … expect much if you don’t practice a lot.
10. You …be bright, communicative and to be able to earn the trust of your team.
III Put the words into the right order.
1. qualifications renewed certain must Technical be at intervals.
2. going you train up are If to should training yourself you undertake some.
3. If you to company go work you need want this some to and take courses with a training will company for.
4. devote Students time to much towards have their studies.
5. results can the of Experience exams the not to also influence of amount but have work you do the only.
6. you In of to the get questions within answering allotted order exam the need pass requisite to used to number the time.
7. possible should much as You find out also as information.
8. not Students skip exams otherwise fail must might lectures they the afterwards.
9. hard knowledge Working the very term for acquiring throughout is essential profound.
10. for It future paying is training a you your serious good if course get about worth career.
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| V Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. | | | I Match items in columns A, B and C in order to make true sentences. |