Present Perfect Continuous.

Rule

We form the present perfect continuous with the verb to have been and past participle.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
	Long form	Short form
I have been working You have been working He has been working She has been working It has been working We have been working You have been working They have been working	I have not been working You have not been working He has not been working She has not been working It has not been working We have not been working You have not been working They have not been working	I haven’t been working You haven’t been working He hasn’t been working She hasn’t been working It hasn’t been working We haven’t been working You haven’t been working They haven’t been working	Have I been working? Have you been working? Has he been working? Has she been working? Has it been working? Have we been working? Have you been working? Have they been working?

Rule

The Present Perfect Continuous is used for:

· to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present, especially with time expressions such as for, since, all morning week. etc. E.g. Sarah has been picking vegetables for two hours. (She started picking vegetables two hours ago and she Is still picking them now.)

· for action which started and finished in the past and lasted for some time. The result of the action is visible in the present. E.g. He is dirty. He has been playing football. (He is no longer playing football, but the fact that his clothes are duty is visible now.)

Time expressions used with present perfect continuous:

How long, for, since, lately / recently, all morning, etc.

2. What have these people been doing? Make sentences using an appropriate verb in the present perfect continuous.

1. Catherine went to the supermarket an hour ago. She's still there.

E.g. Catherine has been shopping for an hour.

2. My mum began cooking three hours ago. She hasn't finished yet.

………………………………………………………………………………..

3. The teams started playing football twenty minutes ago. They haven't finished yet.

………………………………………………………………………………..

4. The headmaster started speaking two hours ago. He hasn't stopped yet.

………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Bill began building his house six months ago. He hasn't finished it yet.

………………………………………………………………………………..

6. I started doing my homework three hours ago. I haven't finished it yet.

………………………………………………………………………………..

Past simple.

Rule.

The Past Simple of the verb “to be” is was (I, he, she, it) and were (you, we, they).

E.g. Last year he was in London.

Last year they were in London.

We form questions with the help of inversion.

E.g. Was he in London last year?

Were they in London last year?

We form the negative sentences with the help of not to the verb.

E.g. Last year he was not in London.

Last year they were not in London.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
	Long form	Short form
I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were	I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not We were not You were not They were not	I wasn’t You weren’t He wasn’t She wasn’t It wasn’t We weren’t You weren’t They weren’t	Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they?

Rule.

We use the past Simple for actions which finished at a definite time in the past.

Time expressions

yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two days / weeks /months / years ago, in 1966 etc.

1. Fill in the gaps with am, is, are, was or were.

1. I …. am... cold. Please, close the windows.

2. Tom and Jean ………. in Spain last week.

3. Sarah ……….ten years old in 1995.

4. George………. tired. He is going to bed now.

5. I ………. a secretary. I work in a big office.

6. Tom ………. at Peter's house yesterday.

7. Mum and Dad.. ………. at home last night.

8. Terry ………. my friend. He lives next door.

9. Alison and Kate ……….late for school yesterday.

10. ………. the cameramen at the studio now?

2. Fill in was, wasn’t, were or weren’t.

1. “… Was … Marilyn Monroe a famous actress?” “Yes, she.... was …. “

2. “.......... Alfred Hitchcock an actor?” “No, he........... He.......... a famous director.”

3. “.......... Beethoven, Mozart and Chopin directors?” “No, they........... They.......... composers.”

4. “.......... Thomas Edison a singer?” “No, he........... He.......... an inventor.”

5. “.......... Abraham Lincoln and George Washington presidents of the USA?” “Yes, they.......... “

Rule.

There are regular and irregular verbs, they have different forms. To know whether the verb is regular or not you should see the list of irregular verbs.

Regular verbs	Irregular verbs
+
We add the ending –ed to the main verb. E.g. Work – worked Play – played I worked in Paris 2 years ago.	Change its form E.g. Go – went See – saw I wentto Paris 2 years ago.
? We form the questions with the help of the auxiliary verb did and the infinitive.
Did I work in Paris 2 years ago?	Did I go to Paris 2 years ago?
- We form negations with did+ not and the infinitive.
I did not work in Paris 2 years ago.	I did not go to Paris 2 years ago.

Rule.

· Verbs ending in –e take only d.

E.g. Like – lik ed

· Verbs ending in a consonant - y, drop the y and take –ied

E.g. Study – studi ed

· Verbs ending in a vowel - y, take – ed

E.g. Play – play ed, stay – stay ed.

· Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants double the last consonant and take – ed.

E.g. Stop – sto pp ed

· Verbs ending in one l, double the l and take –ed

E.g. Travel – trave ll ed.

8. Ask and answer the questions using the prompts.

1. Mary / go / somewhere / yesterday.

….Mary went somewhere yesterday. (theatre)…………………………………….

….Did she go to the theatre?..............................................................................

2. John / meet / somebody / yesterday (his boss)

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Father /repair/ something / yesterday (the car)

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

4. They / visit / somebody / yesterday (the Browns)

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Tom / talk to / somebody yesterday (Ben)

………………………………………………………………….........................

………………………………………………………………………………….

13. Put the verb in the correct form of the past (positive, negative or question).

1. I …. played…. (play) tennis yesterday but I …. didn’t win ……(not / win).

2. We ……………….. (wait) a long time for the bus but it ……………….. (not/come).

3. That's a nice shirt. Where ……………….. (you / buy) it?

4. She ……………….. (see) me but she ……………….. (not / speak) to me.

5. “……………….. (it / rain) yesterday?” “No, it was a nice day.”

6. That was a stupid thing to do. Why ……………….. (you / do) it?

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