EF intersects AB and CD 4 страница

Strategies (408)

People have their own way of learning something. That specific way is called a strategy, or trick for doing something that’s not easy. The best strategy on learning something brand new to you is to practice it.

How to get good grades (409)

In reference to the Education chapter, grades are what students get in school based on their performance. How do students maintain good grades? They have their own strategies for being the best student in school they can be. One strategy is to pay attention in class so they would do good when they get tested on that subject. Another strategy is to participate in a class activity or discussion or experiment. Another strategy can be studying and taking notes on a subject before being tested. Another strategy is keeping track on how other students who do better than you get through school with good grades.

Tips, theories and hints (410)

A tip and a hint are basically the same thing. These are sort of last minute strategies a teacher or friend gives as advice. Theories are advice a person thinks is helpful. Its his oppion on the theoretical, or what might be a good strategy.

How to loose weight (411)

About 60% of America is overweight or obese. Strategies to lose weight are to eat less, eat healthier, and exercise. These are tips for losing weight that are made into strategies people use to lose weight throughout a time period. People also have their theories about losing weight such as cutting back on their diet or switching from fatty bacon to turkey bacon or drinking more juice and less soda. These theories are one person’s beliefs because a different would think this person’s theory is pointless, and vice versa.

How to be independent (412)

Independence is what kids need to learn before it’s too late. Adults are independent, so upcoming adults (kids) need to build their independence by learning how to do stuff op their own. The best way to teach independence is letting kids stay home by themselves or go to the nearest convenience store by themselves. They can then start doing this more often, thus becoming more and more independent as the weeks pass.

Skills (413)

Sometimes skills are required to accomplish professional tasks. Skills are strategies a person develops through their childhood that helps them accomplish certain professional tasks, such as getting a job after high school as a doctor. Being a doctor requires skills and 4+ years of college. That means so much education goes through a persons youth on just one professional occupation as a doctor.

Chapter 19: Language Arts

Introduction to linguistics (414)

Languages are types of communication methods in parts of the world that extend as regional languages. This means people speak a certain language or dialect in a certain area in the world. Here are some topics relating to languages.

Communication (415)

Communication is any method of communicating with living things. The most common way of communicating with people is by speaking. People can also communicate by writing letters to each other or sending e-mails. These are non-verbal methods of communication. When words come out of a person’s mouth, he speaks in any way possible (talk, scream, yell, whisper etc.) which is a verbal method of communication. When you write a letter, you are not speaking, you are writing, which is different from talking. In reference to paragraph 407, sign language does not involve speaking, so it is also non-verbal.

Voice box (416)

Every person has an internal organ nick-named a voice box. This organ is called a voice box because it is what gives the ability for a person to speak. It vibrates when you are speaking, giving your voice (pitch/tone). Every person has a unique voice because their vocal cords and voice box react differently. This is why girls have a higher pitched voice than boys with a deeper pitched voice.

Accents/dialect (417)

Dialects are forms of languages spoken in a very similar but somewhat different way from the urban dialect of the language. People in Texas for example speak English in a country dialect of the English language with sentence fragments and misused wording. The English spoken in England is different than the original Boston English dialect because in England people speak in a British accent. An accent is one spoken language in the background of a totally different language. Bilingual people speak two languages fluently with an accent while speaking one of the other languages in the background (hard to explain). A trilingual person speaks 3 or more languages, so he must have a stronger sense of an accent than a bilingual due to the more languages they understand.

Understanding languages (418)

If a person understands a language, there is a good chance he can communicate in that language as well. Understanding a language is the exact opposite of communicating in that language. If you understand a language, you know what people say in that language. Translation puts your understanding of a language to the test for bilingual people who can say and understand phrases in 2 or more languages.

Writing (419)

Writing is a non-verbal method of communication in one language. Each language has their alphabet with symbols that represent a sound with a certain tone and pitch. In English, the alphabet is the ABC’s with 26 letters from A-Z. There are 20 consonants and 5 or 6 vowels. The vowels are letters that have a high pitch; A, E, I, O, U, and in some cases Y. Each word has to have at least one vowel next to consonant. A combination of words is a sentence that describes something. You write down a sentence with a writing utensil such as a pencil or a pen. You write down the letters that make up a word and a sentence that is made up of words and a paragraph that is made up of sentences and an essay made up of paragraphs. All these are forms of writing based on exactly how many letters and words you use.

Reading (420)

Reading is a conversion of non-verbal and verbal methods of communication. This is because a person reads what’s written aloud. Reading can be non-verbal when a person reads to himself in his head called silent reading. Reading is the translation of letters to make them sound out to describe what the word or phrase means.

Definitions (421)

Every word in any language has to mean something. The words definition describes what exactly this word means. There are so many words in languages that must have a definition. A big book called a dictionary stores every word in the language with its definite meaning.

Circumlocution/Synonyms (422)

Ever try to say a word that you don’t know but know other words describing it. When you do this, you are using circumlocution. You find synonyms for the word you are trying to describe. A synonym is a word that has a similar meaning to an unknown word. For example, if you try to describe the word school and know its definition but the word doesn’t pop up at your head at the moment, your circumlocution would be the place where kids go to learn stuff. The key synonyms to “school” in this phrase are “learn”, kids”, and “place”. These words are synonyms to “school”.

Antonyms (423)

Antonyms are the exact opposite of synonyms. They describe the exact opposite of a word. The antonyms for the word “happy” are “sad”, “mad”, “fatigue”, or “despair”. These words are totally unrelated to happiness.

Making words (424)

All words consist of letters. The letters must have both consonants and vowels. For example, if the word “word” had no O, a vowel, you won’t be able to pronounce it at all. Also, you can experiment with that “word” because it can be scrambled up and broken down into smaller words, such as row, drow, and do. A word can also be consist with letters that do not actual pronounce the word itself. Take the word “photography”. Its real pronunciation is “fotograffi”. That word consists of silent letters with combinations with other letters making a unique sound, like “ph” makes the “ff” sound.

Nouns (425)

In the previous example, the word “word” is a certain type of word. It is a noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing. A word is a thing because it is visible once you write it or type it. Since it is a thing, it falls under the noun type of a word. A proper noun is any noun that starts with a capital letter such as a name or landmark or city. He, she, and they are special pronouns that name an unnamed person or group of people.

Adjectives (426)

An adjective is ant word that describes a noun. If you describe something, you use more specific than general information about a noun. To describe this sentence, you would use the word italic because its written in a different way. Common adjectives are colors of nouns, shapes of nouns, smell of nouns etc.

Verbs (427)

A verb is any word that is an action taken by a noun. If you say a person got up from a chair, you would say he wanted to stand up. The word “stand” there is a verb because the person did a certain action in order to stand. Common verbs can be body movements, flying, swimming, running, diving, eating, watching, writing.

Adverbs (428)

An adverb is any word that describes an action taken by a noun. If you say a person got up from a chair, you would say he wanted to stand up. If you wanted to know how he stood up, you would think he got up either slowly or quickly. These words are adverbs that describe how a verb was taken. Adverbs usually end in “ly”.

verb tenses (429)

If you say a person is ran to the store, the sentence is not grammatically correctly because of a misused verb tense. A verb tense describes when a verb took place (future, past, present). The appropriate sentence for that would be “the person is running to the store.” Ran is a past tense verb, Run is a future tense verb, Running is a present tense verb.

Punctuation marks (430)

Punctuation marks are any symbols that are used in sentences. A period is a common punctuation because it’s tells us that a sentence ends next to a word with a period. A question is not a sentence, so a question ends in a question mark (?). Whenever a sentence needs a brief pause it in, this comma (,) is used in dependent clauses (later described). Quotation marks are (“) that are put in between a quoted phrase that is already mentioned from someone or somewhere else besides you. Colons and semicolons are punctuations that turn around a sentence by listing or transitioning it. Apostrophes are (‘) put in words to shorten a word by combing whatever word with (‘s) when you it is doing something.

Declarative phrases (431)

A declarative phrase is any sentence that declares anything with no command. The following phrase: “This computer is on a desk” Is declarative because it declares that a computer is on a desk.

Imperative phrases (432)

An imperative phrase is any sentence that gives a command for somebody to do. The following phrase “Put that pencil down please” is imperative because it gave a command for somebody put a pencil down.

Interrogative phrases (433)

An interrogative phrase is any question being asked. The following phrase “When is the bus going to come” is interrogative because it’s a question and it ends in a question mark.

Exclamatory phrases (434)

An exclamatory phrase is an imperative phrase ending in an exclamation mark(!). These phrases exaggerate a command and give it a emotion once said.

Literary devices (435)

In literature, there are certain literary devices often used in poetry. Poetry is any peace of writing that is rich in literary devices. A poem used not literal but figurative language that tickles our minds a bit, meaning we have to spend some time to figure out what a poem is trying to convey because of the improper wording. There are many common types of literary devices used in poetry that are written figuratively and thought through literally.

Simile (436)

A simile is a very common literary device that compares two unlike objects using like or as. This line “The bunny’s fur is as fluffy as my pillow” is a simile because it compares a bunny’s fur being as fluffy as my pillow. The bunny’s fur and pillow are unlike to each other, but carry the same fluffativity.

Metaphors (437)

A metaphor is the opposite of a simile. It compares 2 unlike things that saying one is the other without using like or as. This can get tricky, but the following line “This problem is a piece of cake” is a metaphor. The piece of cake is not the problem, but it disguises the problem. That means the problem is easy, just like enjoying a craving for a piece of cake.

Hyperboles (438)

A hyperbole(hiperbolli) is a literary device that majorly exaggerates an action to impossibility. The following line “I am so thirsty, I can drink the Atlantic Ocean” is a hyperbole because it is an exaggeration of a person being thirsty that he can drink the entire Atlantic. That’s impossible, but the person is trying to convey that he is very thirsty.

Personification (439)

Personification is a literary device that gives inanimate object human qualities. The following line “The broken car cried down the street” is a personification to the car because a car doesn’t cry. This compares the car to a cry because it was making noises that sound like human cries.

Alliteration (440)

Alliterations are literary devices that repeat a general sound throughout a line of poetry with a consonant or any sound besides vowels. The following line “The tiny tiger tied his tie while tangling his tongue” contains alliteration because the “t” sound repeats constantly.

Rhyme Schemes (441)

A rhyme scheme is not used in all poems, but is a common literary device. This device creates a repeated sound that relates to the ending word of the previous line or 2 in a poem. Rhyming words are “cat and hat” and “house and mouse”. Rhyme schemes create a peaceful and happy tone in most poems, just like music lyrics.

The 5 senses (442)

Every human has 5 senses: smell, sight, hearing, touch, and taste. All these are verbs that give us the ability to sense things by the senses definition. Smell is a sense your nose detects if something smells good or bad. Sight is a sense your eyes detect if something looks good or bad. Hearing is a sense your ears detect if you hear something. Touch is a sense your skin detects if you feel something smooth or rough. Taste is a sense your tongue detects if something is tasty or nasty for you.

Setting up a poem (443)

A poem is set up a certain way in lines on the center of a page. A stanza is like a paragraph in poems that leaves a space in between every 5 lines of a poem. A poem can also be set up drawing whatever the poem wants to convey called a concrete poem, with words being arranged in a certain way of an object being described. These poems have no lines or stanzas.

Chapter 20: Introduction to Chemistry

What makes a living thing (444)

Now, it’s time to dive into a subject that is the most complex and most interesting, chemical science, aka Chemistry. It all starts with the tiniest object on the planet that is meant to be considered a noun. We are created with these little things that make us live.

Atoms (445)

The atom is the absolute smallest piece of matter in the world. If you ever picked up a grain of sand on a beach, that grain consists of more atoms than all grains of sand that fill on sq. ft. of a beach! These minuscule things cannot even be seen by a 400x magnified microscope! Atoms however are what make up elements.

Elements (446)

An element is any atom that is given a name and symbol that abbreviates its name base on the atoms atomic number. In reference to the Electronics chapter, I talked briefly about protons, neutrons, and electrons. These are not considered matter, but are considered things. These are located actually inside atoms. The atoms atomic number is based on how many protons and neutrons are in atoms that make up its properties of a single element. Hydrogen is the most common element with 1 as an atomic number and also the lightest element that is a gas.

Chemical bonds/molecules (447)

Elements must be adjacent in order for a molecule to appear. A molecule is 2 or more atoms joined together to form a compound. The atoms can be 2 or more of the same atom. Its very important to understand that atoms do not join automatically. There is a force that holds these molecules together called chemical bonds where the chemicals energy is stored.

Chemical formulas and equations (448)

A molecule everybody is familiar with is the chemical formula for water: H2O. This is a chemical compound because it has chemical bonds it in for more than one element. The chemical equation for this formula is H2 + O with the 2 elements separated. If a chemical formula has a subscript, the little number to the right of a single element, the element is chemically bonded to its twin. The subscript 2 in the formula for water represents 2 hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded with one oxygen atom chemically bonded to one of the hydrogen atoms. If an element remains as a single element, no subscript is needed for 1.

Familiar elements (449)

This paragraph will list all familiar elements with its symbol and atomic number from A to Z.

Element	Symbol	Atomic Number
Actinium	Ac
Aluminum	Al
Americium	Am
Antimony	Sb
Argon	Ar
Arsenic	As
Astatine	At
Barium	Ba
Berkelium	Bk
Beryllium	Be
Bismuth	Bi
Bohrium	Bh
Boron	B
Bromine	Br
Cadmium	Cd
Calcium	Ca
Californium	Cf
Carbon	C
Cerium	Ce
Cesium	Cs
Chlorine	Cl
Chromium	Cr
Cobalt	Co
Copper	Cu
Curium	Cm
Dubnium	Db
Dysprosium	Dy
Einsteinium	Es
Erbium	Er
Europium	Eu
Fermium	Fm
Fluorine	F
Francium	Fr
Gadolinium	Gd
Gallium	Ga
Germanium	Ge
Gold	Au
Hefnium	Hf
Hassium	Hs
Helium	He
Holmium	Ho
Hydrogen	H
Indium	In
Iodine	I
Iridium	Ir
Iron	Fe
Krypton	Kr
Lanthanum	La
Lawrencium	Lr
Lead	Pb
Lithium	Li
Lutetium	Lu
Magnesium	Mg
Manganese	Mn
Meitnerium	Mt
Mercury	Hg
Mendelevium	Md
Molybdenum	Mo
Neodymium	Nd
Neon	Ne
Neptunium	Np
Nickel	Ni
Niobium	Nb
Nitrogen	N
Nobelium	No
Osmium	Os
Oxygen	O

Chemical reactions (450)

A chemical reaction happens when a chemical bond is either formed or broken. The result is a new chemical formula than what you started with.

Writing chemical equations (451)

A chemical equation does not have an equals sign like in math equations. A chemical equation has the elements that react (reactants) on the right side, and the elements that are produced (products) on the left side separated by an arrow point to the products which is read as yield. (2 hydrogen atoms with one oxygen atom yields water).

Law of conversion of mass (452)

This is a law in chemistry that states matter during a chemical is not created nor destroyed. Most reactions do not obey this law per say. This means the number of atoms on the reactants needs to equal the number of atoms on the products. The equation will then be balanced. To make an unbalanced equation balanced, you must add or change coefficients. Coefficients are put in front of an element or compound only. No compounds can be split unless a chemical reaction would occur.

Chapter 21: Entertainment

Happiness in life (453)

Life has to be enjoyable for us. This is the main reason god made the world infested with human beings and other animals. Entertainment is anything that makes somebody happy. Different people have different opinions of what is entertaining to them. They are many things in the world that can be very entertaining.

Sense of humor (454)

A sense of humor is a term describing a person who is very humorous. If a person tells good jokes and laughs with others a lot, he is humorous. The key to having a good sense of humor is to think logically about making a joke that people around think is funny. Humorous people use figurative language (p, 49) because making a joke almost always requires the use of this sort of language. That’s why smart people are humorous because they know how to use figurative language properly. Sense of humor is not a feeling, but it’s a talent a person carries who is the president of humorville. This talent is free and entertains you and others as well.

Laughter (455)

Laughter is when a person expresses an action that seems very funny to him. You laugh when you are happy and think something is funny. Your body has a certain sense that makes you laugh when you see or hear something that entertains you. Laughing can be contagious, so other people might laugh with you even if they think what I’m laughing isn’t that funny. When a person laughs so hard and cries and loses is breathe out of happiness, it is called a gaffon. When a person wants to laugh silently or thinks something is probably funny to him, he chuckles.

Comedy (456)

Comedy is a genre of a movie that has lots of jokes and really funny footage. Comedy’s or sitcoms (situation comedy) is the most entertaining television viewed genre. Actors in comedy’s do really funny stunts and make up/create their own jokes that’s based on the movie’s plot. A sitcom is a TV show version of a comedy that involves many, many episodes that use the same actors with a general plot throughout all the series’ episodes. Every episode has its own situation and broadcasts a moral (lesson or point). Actors that act in sitcoms become famous and might be called comedians instead of actors. A stand up comic is a comedian that tells very fnny jokes to audiences live about the comedians life.

Comedy ratings (457)

All TV shows are rated with a letter(s). Here is a list of different ratings from youngest to adult:

1. G- Guidance appropriate for younger kids (animated)

2. TV-Y7- Guidance appropriate for kids 7 and younger (3-D cartoons)

3. Y - Cartoons for all

4. TV-G- Sitcoms for younger children

5. TV-PG- Sitcoms for everyone to watch

6. PG- Parental guidance movie rating

7. PG-13 - Parental guidance movie rating for teenagers

8. TV-14 - TV sitcoms for youth above 14 years old

9. R -Movie rating that contains brief mature adult content for teenagers

10. NC-17 - Movie rating that contains sexuality for viewers above 17

11. TV-MA- Movie or adult series rating that signifies explicit content of violence and/or sexuality

12. NB- Adult- Movie with explicit sexuality for mature viewers

Appropriate Comedy actions (458)

A comedy TV show or movie comes in several different comedy actions. For example, a G or Y rated comedy shows comedy appropriate for kids under 7. Teenagers think that sort of comedy is corny, so they watch TV-PG or TV-14 shows with comedy acts that suit them. TV-14 shows use brief adult content and vulgar slang languages very frequently. That is brief adult content in these shows because the teenage audiences are mature enough to see this sort of comedy. Teens can also watch cartoons and G rated movies or shows, but they prefer to watch something in their level of maturity.

Classic comedy acts (459)

A comedy can be carried on over the different generations of comedy itself. These are the classical comedy acts that are quite often reoccurring on TV sine the 1940’s-1980. For example, the MGM cartoon Tom & Jerry is a classical comedy from the 1970’s to the present time featuring a cat who tries to catch a mouse in several funny ways. The mouse is smarter than the cat, so the cat does anything possible to catch a mouse. This cartoon has silent characters that do stunts but don’t talk at all. This cartoon has many classical comedy acts, such as noises and sounds that characterize a funny action. Like when Tom waves the white flag as a surrender action. And when tom turns into the shape of a table when stomped by an anvil. These are all examples of reoccurring classics.

Entertainment devices (460)

A very common entertainment device is a video gaming system, such as the PS-3. This system is a game station that lets you play a virtual video game with the help of a disc and the game station that transmits the information from the disc to a game on a television. You move things with your controller with buttons on it that does certain things to the game. These entertainment devices occupy children for several hours if they are bored. Kids need to be entertained frequently, so theirs get them video games.

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