Kanysh Satpaev

Kanysh Satpaev was born on April 12, 1899 in Akkelinsk volost (small rural district, now it is Bayanaul district) Pavlodar region. Kanysh’s father, Imantay, was a biy, his grandfather was a kazhy. Biys and kazhys were the most respected and honoured people of the community. His mother, Salima, was of poor health and died when Kanysh was 2 years old. Imantay biy taught his son to love reading and music. Kanysh knew poems of Rumi, Khafiz, Djami, Navoyi by heart at an early age. He was a gifted boy and wherever he studied – at mulla, in local Kazakh-Russian school, in Russian-Kyrgyz college in Pavlodar city, in teachers’ college of Semipalatinsk he was an excellent student. At the age of 19 he taught at teachers courses and became people’s judge in his Bayanaul district. When he was 20 he entered Tomsk Technology Institute, majoring in Geology. He discovered copper deposits in Karsakbay and Zhezkazgan, deposits of coal in Ekibastuz. After that cities with large plants and groups of enterprises were built there. He compiled a map of Kazakhstan mineral deposits. He found the stone with inscriptions made by Emir Timur in Ulytau which is kept in the Hermitage now. He initiated the construction of Kazakh Academy of Sciences and laid the first brisk in the foundation of the Academy building. In 1946 he became its first president and academician. Worldwide known academician Kanysh Satpayev made such a valuable contribution to science that Planet-Asteroid between Mars and Jupiter (black-brown colour, diameter 11 km, No. 2402 on the Star Map) was named after him. The name of the great man was given to cities, streets, schools and universities. UNESCO to commemorate the centenary of the great Aca- demician declared the year of 1999 “A Year of Satpayev”

Holidays in Great Britain.

Part I

There are eight public holidays a year in Great Britain. On these days people don't go to work. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday, Late Summer Bank Holiday. Most of these holidays are of religious origin. But nowadays they have lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, visit their friends. All the public holidays (except New Year's Day, Christmas and Boxing Day) are movable. They don't fall on the same date each year.

Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries, on which certain traditions are observed. But if they don't fall on Sunday, they're ordinary working days.

Christmas is the most popular holiday in Britain. It is celebrated on the 25th of December. People spend time at home, with their families, eat special food (turkey, potatoes, green vegetables, a Christmas pudding) and drink a lot. Many people decorate Christmas trees with toys and little coloured lights. People buy Christmas cards and send them to their friends and relatives. Long before Christmas the shops are busy, because a lot of people buy Christmas presents. In churches people sing Christmas carols — special religious songs..

On Christmas Eve (the 24th of December) some people go a special church service. This service is called Midnight Mass. It starts at 12 o'clock at night.

The day after Christmas, the 26th of December, is called Boxing Day. The priest in church opens boxes with money and presents and gives to the poor people.

Part II

New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas. Some people don't celebrate it at all. Some people have New Year parties. At midnight they listen to the chimes of Big Ben, drink a toast to the New Year and sing Auld Lang Syne.

Make Love, Not War

The 14th of February is St Valentine's Day, the day when, according to ancient tradition, the birds choose their mates for the year. It was once the custom in England to draw lots for lovers on this day, the person drawn being the drawer's valentine, and given a present, sometimes of an expensive kind, but more often a pair of gloves. The valentine is now represented by a greeting card of a sentimental, humorous, or merely vulgar character.

The Winter is Past

Easter, the feast of the Christian Church commemorating the Resurrection of Christ, is derived from Eostre, a goddess of spring honoured by the pagan Anglo-Saxons in the month of April. When Christianity was introduced into England it was natural for the name of the heathen festival to be transferred to the Christian, the two falling about the same time.

Easter has been from ancient times the most important feast in the Christian year. Many popular customs, which probably go back to pagan times, are also associated with it throughout Europe, for example the giving of Easter eggs. Eggs are a symbol of life and fertility or recreation of spring. It was not, however, until the nineteenth century that the practice of presenting eggs of Easter was introduced into England.

Mothering Sunday

The 8th of March is Mid-Lent Sunday or Mothering Sunday. It is claimed that the name Mothering Sunday came from the ancient custom of visiting the "mother church" at this time; but to schoolchildren it always meant a holiday, when they went home to spend the day with their mother or parents. At one time in Britain, especially in Lancashire, it was the custom to eat simnel cakes on this day. The word simnel is derived from a Latin word meaning fine bread.

Mothering Sunday is not the same as Mother's Day. The latter is an American festival celebrated on the second Sunday in May as an occasion for each person to remember his mother by some act of grateful affection.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16