The body is designed to contain and protect the engine and accessories, as well as the passengers. It is shaped to reduce the resistance to the air as it moves forward. This shaping of the car to reduce air resistance is called streamlining. Streamlining makes use of curves rather than angles and flat surfaces.
The car body is made up of a number of pressed-steel panels, which are welded together to form the complete body. Reinforcing brackets are welded to the body to attach doors, wheel trim, instrument panel hood, trunk lid, headlining and so on. In case of accidents, panels can be replaced if they are so badly damaged that they cannot be straightened.
During the manufacturing process the body is flexibly bolted to the chassis. The chassis of the modern automobile is the main structure of the vehicle. In most designs a pressed-steel frame forms a skeleton on which the engine, wheels, axle assemblies, transmission, steering mechanism, brakes and suspension members are mounted. The combination of body and frame absorbs the reactions from the movements of the engine and axle, receives the reaction forces of the wheels in acceleration and braking, absorbs aerodynamic wind forces and road shocks through the suspension, and absorbs the major energy of impact in the event of an accident.
Doors, engine hood, and trunk or rear-compartment lids are attached to the body by hinges. The doors contain the window-regulator mechanism, door latch, and lock.
Windscreen wipers are electrically operated.
The headlight is of much value for driving purposes because it properly directs the light.
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