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Variety of Computers

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In general case, computer is any device that receives data, processes it and gives the result out in one or another form. We divide computers into analogue, biological, digital and hybrid ones. Digital computers, named also electronic computers or simply computers, due to their elemental base and architecture are divided into five generations: lamp computers, tradic, computers on integrated circuit, large-scale integration circuit and computers on super large scale integration circuit. To any modern digital computer, there are hardware and software. Another coming generation is computers with Giant Scale Integration that become gradually the most commonly used. This term characterises chips that contain more than 10 million of transistors and logic gates on it. Most of digital computers are portable and every portable computer has its own functions and tasks except computing and processing. Though the size of various PCs may be different, there are main key items to which we should pay more attention. They are: power, weight, screen size and input device.

Personal computer is a computer meant for work of one user at home or office. Though the term ‘PC’ is sometimes used for designation of any PCs (for example, Macintosh), it often means a PC on the base of processors of the Intel Corporation. The term comes from IBM PC produced in 1981 by the IBM Corporation of the first 16-bit PCs with open architecture and marked the whole epoch in computer engineering development. Personal computers can only work on AC power.

Network computer is a cheap [desktop] office computer that has own scarce resources and works with applications and data, which are stored on a server, or meant for in the Internet. The advantage of network computers is that they don’t require efforts to support software data files on every individual work place. The idea with network computers was proposed by the Sun Microsystems Firm.

Home computer is used of course at home for teaching, pastime and/or home office. It has more multimedia capabilities and more fashionable design of enclosure than common computer. Sometimes, home computers are merged in Home Area Network that is a local network, which operates computers of members of the family, home equipment and appliances.

Portable computers are sufficiently light and small computers so we can carry them in hands. We can say that they are small versions of personal computers. They work without plugging into ordinary power supply net and are referred to laptops, notebooks, subnotebooks, clipboard computers and pentops.

Laptop computer is a computer meant for work on the journey and placed on knees. Most of laptops can fit into a briefcase. They don’t need to be plugged in; they operate on rechargeable batteries. Most weigh between 3 and 7 kg and have a screen size about 10 in diagonally.

Notebook computer is a class of portable computers of notebook size and weight mot more than 4 kg. The smallest and the largest screens are about 8 in and 18 in diagonally. Notebook is also thinner than laptops. It powers from the batteries. The clock speed is not more than 2 GHz, and the hard disk drive isn’t usually more than 100 Gb. RAM memory space and graphics card memory doesn’t exceed 1024 Mb and 512 Mb correspondingly. Almost all notebooks have optical drive DVD+\-RW, a sound card, hi-speed USB ports. Your notebook may also have a mouse (if a touchpad is not very comfortable for you), a modem, a web cam, IR port, Bluetooth and other modern devices.

Subnotebook is a class of portable computers occupying an intermediate position between pocket and notebook computers. It usually weighs not more than 2.2 kg.

Tablet computer (also clipboard computer) is a portable computer with flat display and pen pointer or stylus instead of a keyboard. You don’t type in letters or numbers. All you need is a pen that you use to print on screen. That’s why people call them pen-based computers (or pentops). They can operate with rechargeable batteries and are very thin, weighing between 1.3 and 2.8 kg at the most. Their screen size is similar to laptops and notebooks. They have their own hand-written text recognition software.

Pocket computer is a baby-sized computer with weight up to 800 g that woks on batteries. It usually has a possibility of data exchange (data synchronization) with personal computers and notebooks. Handheld and palmtop computers are referred to this class of computers.

Handheld computer and palmtop computer are a class of computers that have sizes of the notebook, and which can handle in hand and place to the pocket of a jacket. They weigh less than 460 g. Of course, they have a very small screen, but they can operate on alkaline batteries. Most people use as agenda books, phone books or address books. Such computers usually have firmed operating system and the core set of applications.

Mobile computer is a computer based on pocket PCs and devices with hand-written input and wireless communication systems (cellular communication). It is used in different fields of continuous business conducting.

 

7. Answer the questions.

1. Digital computers are also named electronic computers or simply computers, aren't they? 2. Are most of digital computers portable? 3. What is personal computer? What the idea was proposed by the Sun Microsystems Firm? 4. Where is home computer used? 5. What computers can work without plugging into ordinary power supply net? 6. What devices may the notebook have? 7. Why do people call tablet computers pen-based computers? 8. Is screen size of pentops similar to laptops and notebooks? 9. What is pocket computer? 10. Where are mobile computers used?

 

8. Are these sentences true or false? If false, give the correct version.

1. We divide computers into analogue and hybrid ones. 2. Digital computers are divided into three generations. 3. Network computers don’t require efforts to support software data files on every individual work place. 4. Home computer is a computer meant for work on the journey and placed on knees. 5. Portable computersare small versions of personal computers. 6. Most laptop computers weigh between 3 and 7 kg. 7. Notebook computers weigh not less than 4 kg. 8. Subnotebook occupies an intermediate position between pocket and notebook computers. 9. Network computer has its own hand-written text recognition software. 10. Handheld computer has a very small screen, but it can operate on alkaline batteries.

 

9. Compete the sentences according to the text.

1. Computer is any device that receives data, processes it and _____________.

2. Another coming generation is computers with Giant Scale Integration that ______________.

3. Though the size of various PCs ______________, there are main key items to which we should pay more attention.

4. The advantage of network computers is that they don’t require efforts to support ______________.

5. _______________ are sufficiently light and small computers so we can carry them in hands.

6. Most of laptops _____________ into a briefcase.

7. Almost all notebooks have _______________.

8. Tablet computer is a portable computer with flat display _______________ instead of a keyboard.

9. _______________ are a class of computers that have sizes of the notebook, and which can handle in hand and place to the pocket of a jacket.

10. Mobile computer is a computer based on pocket PCs and devices with _______________.

UNIT 2


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Читайте в этой же книге: Lesson II | I'm a Student of Chemico-Technological University | Lesson III | My Future Speciality – Economical Cybernetics | Lesson IV | What Is a Computer? | Lesson V | Application of Computers | Lesson VI | Timeline and the History of Computers: Abacus |
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