Pre-reading task. Expedition of Kremlin construction, Fire of 1812, Facade Department, Emperor Alexander, Moscow State University

Give the Russian for:

Expedition of Kremlin construction, Fire of 1812, Facade Department, Emperor Alexander, Moscow State University, Central Squares of Moscow, Red Square, Bolshoi Theater and Maly Theatres, Trade Rows, Kremlin Senate, Upper Trading Rows, Triumphal Arch by Tverskaya Zastava, Dorogomilovo District, Tverskoy Boulevard, Moscow Manege, Donskoy monastery.

3.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

1. architect	архитектор
2.root	корень
3. to supervise	смотреть, наблюдать за чем-л.
4. fire	пожар
5.painter	художник
6.Naples	Неаполь
7. to settle	селиться
8.to train in	обучаться
9.junior brothers	младшие братья
10. associate	компаньон, партнер
11. to attend	посещать
12. Kremlin construction	строительство Кремля
13. full-time employee	штатный сотрудник
14. to involve	вовлекать
15. maintenance	текущий ремонт
16. to raze	разрушать до основания
17. to hire	нанимать на работу
18. to assign	назначать
19. to lead	возглавлять
20. responsible for smth.	ответственный за что-л.
21. approval	утверждение, одобрение
22. enforcing	приведение в исполнение
23. exactly	точно, как раз
24. master plan	генеральный план
25. to fail	не удаваться
26. Emperor	император
27. to enrage	приводить в бешенство
28. to issue a decree	издать декрет
29. to limit	ограничивать
30. modest	скромный, сдержанный
31. to be in charge	нести ответственность
32. subsequently	последовательно
33. to demolish	разрушать, уничтожать
34. estate	имущество, имение
35. mirroring	зеркальное отражение
36. mansion	дворец, особняк
37. air raid	воздушный налет
38. replica	репродукция, точная копия
39. to participate	принимать участие
40. to inter	хоронить, погребать

3.3. Read and translate the text:

Joseph Bové (Russian: Osip Ivanovich Bove), born in 1784 was a Russian neoclassical architect with Italian roots who supervised reconstruction of Moscow after the Fire of 1812.

Bové was born in St. Petersburg in the family of Vincenzo Giovanni Bova, a painter from Naples who settled in Russia in 1782. An oldest son in the family, he had two junior brothers, Michaele and Alessandro, who also trained in architecture and later became his associates. Soon after Joseph's birth, the family moved to Moscow.

In 1802 - 1807 he attended the school of architecture at Expedition of Kremlin construction. Since 1807 he worked as an assistant to Matvei Kazakov¹ and Carlo Rossi² in Moscow and Tver. As a full-time employee of the Expedition, he was involved in various Kremlin maintenance jobs.

In 1813, after the Fire of Moscow (1812) that razed most of the city, Bové was hired by the Moscow Building Commission and assigned to lead the Facade Department, responsible for approval of new facade designs and enforcing that new buildings are placed exactly at the new street lines according to the new master plan. The plan, however, was not finalized until 1817. Private builders were so numerous, Bové and the city failed to control them. Emperor Alexander I ³, visiting Moscow, was enraged to see buildings painted in all kinds of colors, especially deep red and dark green, and issued a decree that limited city palette to modest, pale colours.

While Giliardi⁴ Family was rebuilding major public buildings like Moscow State University, Bové was in charge of designing and rebuilding the new Central Squares of Moscow and Red Square. His best known project, Theatre Square (fig. 5) was completed in 1825, however both Bolshoi Theater and Maly Theatres were subsequently rebuilt, and the square lost its neoclassical symmetry. In fact, most of his buildings were demolished by accidents or real estate developers:

• Trade Rows in Red Square (1815), with a rotunda dome mirroring the dome of Kazakov's Kremlin Senate, were demolished in 1880s to make way for the larger Upper Trading Rows.
• Triumphal Arch (fig. 6) by Tverskaya Zastava (1827–1834) was demolished in 1938; a replica was built in 1960s in Dorogomilovo District.

In 1824–1825 he participated in reconstruction of Moscow Manege. He designed numerous private mansions in Moscow, but his most famous work remains the Bolshoi Theatre. Bové died in Moscow and was interred at the Donskoy monastery.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30