III. Language development

1. Fill in the gaps with words and word combinations from the list.

microorganisms, invade, take over, ranging, rank, one-celled, boils, breaking down, contagious, AIDS

1. Many kinds of bacteria, viruses, and other_________ can invade the human body and cause disease.

2. Pathogens___________ some of the body's cells and tissues and use them for their own growth and reproduction.

3. They_________ among the most widespread of all living things.

4. Bacteria are microscopic,___________ organisms.

5. __________ and carbuncles result from the multiplication of bacteria in the skin.

6. These pathogens obtain food by_________ body tissues or by absorbing digested food from the intestines.

7. Occasionally, an infectious disease becomes highly_______ and sweeps through a community.

8. The virus that causes________ destroys the immune system's abili­ty to function properly.

9. Fungi, protozoans, and worms produce diseases ________ from minor skin infections to life-threatening internal disorders.

10. Bacterial pneumonia occurs when bacteria_____ the lungs and multiply there.

Fill in the correct prepositions. Use one of them twice.

from, at, throughout, by, for, to, in

1. Many serious diseases, including tuberculosis, result... bacterial multiplication.

2. Most infectious diseases are communicable — that is, they can spread from person... person.

3. Some infectious diseases are always present... a particular geo­graphic region.

4. Viruses can be seen only... means of powerful electron micro­scopes.

5. Many people with AIDS die... illnesses that do not normally oc­cur or that normally are not serious.

6. Viruses are also responsible... influenza and the common cold.

7. When an epidemic occurs... several places throughout the world at the same time, it is called a pandemic.

8. Malaria is endemic... much of Africa.

Replace the underlined words with their synonyms.

contagious, give rise to, attack, gain control of, classified, gain, passes, multiplication, predisposed

1. Many kinds of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms can invade the human body and cause disease.

2. Pathogens take over some of the body's cells and tissues and use them for their own growth and reproduction.

3. Infectious diseases can be grouped according to the kind of patho­gen that causes them.

4. As a result, people infected with the virus become susceptible to certain illnesses that do not normally occur or that normally are not serious.

5. These pathogens obtain food by breaking down body tissues or by absorbing digested food from the intestines.

6. Most infectious diseases are communicable.

8. Occasionally, an infectious disease becomes highly contagious and sweeps through a community.

4. Answer the following questions.

1. What are pathogens?

2. How can infectious diseases be grouped?

3. What organisms are called bacteria?

4. What diseases are caused by viruses?

5. What do you know about AIDS?

6. How do fungi, protozoans, and worms obtain food?

7. How do infectious diseases spread?

8. What conditions are called an epidemic, a pandemic, an endemic?

5. Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

disease-causing, throughout, minor, life-threatening, highly, lifeless, electron

1. microorganisms

2. particle

3. infections

4. disorders

5. contagious

6. the world

7. microscopes

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